运行集成测试
虽然你可以很容易地从测试（或测试套件）本身启动 Spring Boot 应用，但有时希望在构建过程中管理这一流程。
为了确保 Spring Boot 应用在集成测试期间的生命周期被正确管理，你可以使用 start 和 stop 目标，如下例所示：
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>start</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>stop</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>这种配置现在可以结合 failsafe-plugin 按预期运行集成测试。
应用会在单独进程中启动，并通过 JMX 与应用通信。
默认情况下，插件使用端口 9001。
如需配置 JMX 端口，请参见 专用示例。
|
你还可以配置更高级的方案，例如当设置了特定属性时跳过集成测试，详见 专用示例。
不使用 Spring Boot 父 POM 的 Failsafe 配置
Spring Boot 的父 POM spring-boot-starter-parent 会将 Failsafe 的 <classesDirectory> 配置为 ${project.build.outputDirectory}。
如果没有此配置，Failsafe 会使用已打包的 jar 而不是编译后的类，导致无法加载应用类。
如果你未使用父 POM，应按如下方式配置 Failsafe：
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<classesDirectory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</classesDirectory>
</configuration>
</plugin>spring-boot:start
org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:3.5.0
Start a spring application. Contrary to the run goal, this does not block and allows other goals to operate on the application. This goal is typically used in integration test scenario where the application is started before a test suite and stopped after.
Optional parameters
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Parameter details
addResources
Add maven resources to the classpath directly, this allows live in-place editing of resources. Duplicate resources are removed from target/classes to prevent them from appearing twice if ClassLoader.getResources() is called. Please consider adding spring-boot-devtools to your project instead as it provides this feature and many more.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
additionalClasspathElements
Additional classpath elements that should be added to the classpath. An element can be a directory with classes and resources or a jar file.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
agents
Path to agent jars.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
arguments
Arguments that should be passed to the application.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
classesDirectory
Directory containing the classes and resource files that should be used to run the application.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
commandlineArguments
Arguments from the command line that should be passed to the application. Use spaces to separate multiple arguments and make sure to wrap multiple values between quotes. When specified, takes precedence over #arguments.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
environmentVariables
List of Environment variables that should be associated with the forked process used to run the application.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
excludeGroupIds
Comma separated list of groupId names to exclude (exact match).
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
excludes
Collection of artifact definitions to exclude. The Exclude element defines mandatory groupId and artifactId components and an optional classifier component. When configured as a property, values should be comma-separated with colon-separated components: groupId:artifactId,groupId:artifactId:classifier
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
includes
Collection of artifact definitions to include. The Include element defines mandatory groupId and artifactId components and an optional classifier component. When configured as a property, values should be comma-separated with colon-separated components: groupId:artifactId,groupId:artifactId:classifier
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
jmxName
The JMX name of the automatically deployed MBean managing the lifecycle of the spring application.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
jmxPort
The port to use to expose the platform MBeanServer.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
jvmArguments
JVM arguments that should be associated with the forked process used to run the application. On command line, make sure to wrap multiple values between quotes.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
mainClass
The name of the main class. If not specified the first compiled class found that contains a 'main' method will be used.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
maxAttempts
The maximum number of attempts to check if the spring application is ready. Combined with the "wait" argument, this gives a global timeout value (30 sec by default)
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
noverify
Flag to say that the agent requires -noverify.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
profiles
The spring profiles to activate. Convenience shortcut of specifying the 'spring.profiles.active' argument. On command line use commas to separate multiple profiles.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
skip
Skip the execution.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
systemPropertyVariables
List of JVM system properties to pass to the process.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
|
useTestClasspath
Flag to include the test classpath when running.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
spring-boot:stop
org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:3.5.0
Stop an application that has been started by the "start" goal. Typically invoked once a test suite has completed.
Optional parameters
| Name | Type | Default |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parameter details
jmxName
The JMX name of the automatically deployed MBean managing the lifecycle of the application.
Name |
|
|---|---|
Type |
|
Default value |
|
User property |
|
Since |
示例
集成测试随机端口
Spring Boot 测试集成的一个优点是可以为 Web 应用分配空闲端口。
当插件的 start 目标被使用时，Spring Boot 应用会单独启动，因此很难将实际端口传递给集成测试。
下例展示了如何通过 Build Helper Maven Plugin 实现同样的功能：
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>reserve-tomcat-port</id>
<goals>
<goal>reserve-network-port</goal>
</goals>
<phase>process-resources</phase>
<configuration>
<portNames>
<portName>tomcat.http.port</portName>
</portNames>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>start</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<arguments>
<argument>--server.port=${tomcat.http.port}</argument>
</arguments>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>stop</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<systemPropertyVariables>
<test.server.port>${tomcat.http.port}</test.server.port>
</systemPropertyVariables>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>你现在可以在任何集成测试中通过 test.server.port 系统属性获取服务器 URL。
自定义 JMX 端口
jmxPort 属性允许自定义插件与 Spring Boot 应用通信所用端口。
以下示例展示了如何在 9001 已被占用时自定义端口：
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<jmxPort>9009</jmxPort>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>start</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>stop</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>| 如需配置 JMX 端口，请确保如上所示在全局配置中设置，以便两个目标共享。 |
跳过集成测试
skip 属性允许完全跳过 Spring Boot maven 插件的执行。
以下示例展示了如何通过命令行属性跳过集成测试，同时确保 repackage 目标仍然执行：
<project>
<properties>
<skip.it>false</skip.it>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>start</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<skip>${skip.it}</skip>
</configuration>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>stop</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<skip>${skip.it}</skip>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<skip>${skip.it}</skip>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>默认情况下，集成测试会运行，但此配置允许你通过如下命令轻松禁用：
$ mvn verify -Dskip.it=true